Managing Life Cycles Influences in an Organization :: essays research papers

Managing Life Cycles Influences in an Organization For everything in life there is a season, and the same holds true for business. There is a life cycle that successful businesses inevitably pass through. They endure the perils up start-up, often on a shoestring; they grow to greater size and stability, permitting the owners to think about building wealth for themselves and their employees; and they progress to a point where owners have to think about valuing and succession or sale of the business (Forbes p9). Your intelligence gathering--what you need to know and when you need to know it--will vary depending on the cyclical speed of the industry life cycles. When you recognize cyclical trends you will be able to determine effective intelligence strategies. If you work in a relatively new industry you will want to identify potential (new or would-be) surprise competitors. Near the end of the growth stage, you will need intelligence that will help hold market share during the market's eventual decline ( Inside R & D, p NA). Start Up Stage The start up stage is the most trying stage. A newly formed company is still testing out the waters. Expenditure is high and usually greater then the revenue due to start up costs and other start up fees. This is the time where you need to have strong management personnel that will stick with the company during the not so lean times. They have to have clear defined goals that they can pass on to their department.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Each stage also demands different talents and perspectives, and new leaders usually have to be brought in as businesses progress. The visionary who is well suited to leading a new business through its early experimental stages is often poorly equipped to guide the venture through the expansion and integration stages, when sales and organizational skills become more important than bold thinking and creativity (Garvin, 2004).  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The manager?s job is three-fold. They need to: 1) decide what needs to be done and how it is to be accomplished; 2) continually react to market conditions, 3) make sure his and his employees' efforts support that continually changing vision. Without a strong leader at the helm, the vision of the firm will be quickly outdated and the firm will be overrun by increased costs and declining sales (Osheroff p21). The goal of management is to see that rules are followed, budgets are met, and metrics are achieved.

Netflix

Nettling Is an American provider of on-demand Internet streaming media In the united States, Canada, Latin America, the Caribbean, united Kingdom and Ireland and a flat rate DVD-by. Mail in the United States. Nettling currently has over 20 million members streaming globally, making in it the world's leading internet subscription service for streaming movies and TV programmed. For a monthly fee subscribers are able to watch an unlimited amount of films and TV episodes.The devices available for streaming Is constantly expanding, currently the list consists of 700 devices ranging from game consoles to smart phones. Historically, this industry was focused on stand-alone brick and motor rental stores. Nettling then offered a disruptive service where by DVD's were available through the mall. Because technology has continued to develop the service also had to develop, and digital rentals has become the focus of Nettling, this is done by streaming content directly to consumer's television th rough broadband connected set-top boxes, game consoles, and computers. 2. Company Profile 2. 1 .History of Nettling In 1997 In Scoots Valley, California Reed Hastings and fellow software executive Marc Randolph service, which offered unlimited rentals for a monthly subscription. A personalized film recommendation system that was developed, it's based on the Nettling members' ratings and reviews and accurately predicts choices for all Nettling members was launched in 2000. Nettling initiated an initial public offering (PIP) in May 2002, selling 5,500,000 shares at $15. 00 per share, at this stage the total number of Nettling members was 600,000. By September 2002 Nettling were mailing 190,000 discs per day to its 670,000 members.In 2006 Inflexed ends the year with 6. 3 million members, up 51% from 2005. Then in 2007 Nettling introduces streaming, which lows members to instantly watch television shows and films on their personal computers. In 2008 Nettling partnered with consumer elec tronics companies to stream on the Oxbow 360, Blue- ray disc players, TV set-tops and the Apple Macintosh computer. Then in 2009 it partnered with more consumer electronics companies to stream on the ASS, internet-connected TV's. BY 2010 Nettling is available on over 700 devices including the Apple pod, phone and the Nintendo WI and ends the year with 20 million members, up 63% from 2009.Nettling was launched in Canada in 2010, and then it was launched throughout Latin America and the Caribbean and n 2012 Nettling was launched in the United Kingdom and Ireland. [1] Currently Nettling, Inc. Is the largest online movie rental company on the plant. Its headquarters are based in Los Gatos California. With its mission â€Å"our appeal and success are built providing the most expansive selection of DVD's; an easy way to choose movies; and fast, free delivery' Nettling continues to progress and make new goals. The number of full time employees is over 2, 180. [3] In the year 2010 net inco me of IIS$160 million and $982 million in assets. 4] 2. 2. Consumers Nettling customers can be broken up into two groups the needy consumers and the nonviolence consumers. Needy consumers are those that have a very specific need, be it a tile or genre, they finical and want a rich viewing experience. They must likely want to sit in comfort and watch the film on television screen with surround-sound audio. This means they are more likely to avail of a hardcopy. These consumers tend to be committed to video entertainment; they have no problem waiting for a few days for the film to arrive, as long as their expectations are met.Convenience consumers, which are becoming more and more common, are the opposite they. They will watch a film or TV show where and when they want. What is important to them is fast and easy access, portability and transferability. These consumers are more willing to watch participate in online rental. Convenience consumers tend to be the younger generation who li ves are becoming more and more internet based, where as the needy consumers then to be of an older generation. 2. 3. Business Strategy Nettling employs differentiation for its business strategy.The company tries to take advantage of uniqueness for a broad market. The original business strategy for Nettling was in the DVD rental market, the company's purpose was to offer the already existing product of the rentable movie n a new format. They did this by allowing customers to select the title online and they would receive them by mail and charging a monthly subscription fee instead of paying per title. More recently Nettling has moved into the online streaming of movies through computers, game consoles and handheld devices.This has become the focus of the company, their core strategy is to grow its streaming subscription business within the United States and globally. Among the large and expanding base of devices streaming from Nettling are the Microsoft Oxbow 360, Nintendo WI and Son y ASS console, an array of Blue-ray disc players, Internet- unconnected TV's, home theatre systems, digital video recorders and Internet video players, Apple phone, pad and pod touch, Android devices, as well as Apple TV and Google. Not the DVD rental because they don't have the capability to manually distribute discs. 3. Streaming Service 3. 1 .Drivers for the Change to Streaming Many factors contributed to the shifting of focus at Nettling for DVD rentals to directly streaming movies and TV shows directly through the internet, some of the main drivers were; V 28 day delay distribution agreements: The entertainment studios' made an agreement with Nettling, to protect their DVD revenues. The agreement stated that Nettling and other companies would have to make new releases unavailable for 28 days after they were released on DVD. New releases were Nineteen's most valuable content for its DVD rental business, but it had to agree to keep its distribution deals with the studios.This lef t Nettling fighting with pay-cable networks for content and licensing deals. This forced Nettling to focus on the online streaming market. As result of this deal Nettling built a streaming service with discounted back catalogue content. [5] V Popularity of online movie viewing: In 2010 more members used the streaming service then the DVD rental service. [4] V Reliance on Postal Service: Nettling uses the united States Postal Service (USPS) to deliver its entire DVD, and is thus at the mercy of the postal service.Nettling rely too heavily on profitability and service. V Licensing deals: Nettling made experimental licensing deals with studios and pay- cable networks in 2007. At this stage a no business model for streaming had been made. This deals obtained at prices that would be unrealistic now. 3. 2. Internet Video Steaming Service These drivers, and some other factors, lead to Nettling investing in their streaming service to improve the quality and speed of the stream. Some devices can stream Nettling content at IPPP resolution.Nineteen's strategy with their streaming service has been to made partnerships with companies to allow Nettling to stream their content. While also keeping up to date with advances in by develop their service so that customers can stream through game consoles, pods and smart phones. The first partnership for their streaming service was with Stars Entertainment in 2008. This deal as to during over 2,500 new movies and TV shows to Nettling Watch Instantly feature. Since then Nettling have made deals with Paramount, Eliminate, MGM, Trademarks Animation, open Road Films, Epic, Relativity Media and Film District. Earlier.These are type of consumer who want general entertainment in a relaxed atmosphere and are not too fussy about the form of electronic entertainment. They tend to be young more internet-savvy user. These types of customers can be lost to illegally streaming of programs or Just other forms of entertainment such as video games, music or social networking. 4. Market Analysis 4. 1 . Competition The market industry for the video entertainment is very competitive and can be subjected to rapid change. Many consumers maintain relationships with more than one video entertainment providers and can easily shift form one provider to another. . 2. Principle Competitors Some of the many competitors to Nettling are: Multinational video programming distributors with free TV Everywhere and video- on- demand content including cable providers, such as Time Warner and Compass in America and the likes of RET in Ireland, telecommunication providers such as AT&T and Verizon in America and PUC in Ireland. Internet movie and TV content providers, such as Apple's tunes, Amazon. Com, Hull. Com and Google's Youth. DVD rental outlets and kiosk services, such as Extra-Violin and Blockbusters. 4. 3.Porter's Five Force Analysis Force Effect on Industry Treat of Potential Entrants Unfavorable Supplier Power Unfavorable Buyer power Favo rable Substitute products Favorable Industry rivalry Favorable Summary of Porter's Five Force analysis. Treat of Potential Entrants: The economy of scale for an enterprise to enter the online streaming segment of the video entertainment industry is high. The reason for this is the distribution is controlled by the multi- service operators, like PUC, and the costs of their infrastructure and overhead (occasionally underground) cables are high.In the online streaming segment of the video entertainment industry there is little or no product differentiation. The device through which the consumer is streaming limits the specifications of the stream, I. E. The resolution, audio quality, encoding and special features. Brand identity is an issue for Nettling. As the name Nettling is most commonly associated with DVD rental by mail. On September 18th into two separate businesses. This would see the streaming side remain as Nettling and the DVD bad reaction for the public. 14] The capital req uirements for the online streaming segment of the video entertainment industry is again depend on the multi-service operators. Supplier Power Supplier power is an unfavorable aspect in the video streaming industry. There is prefect product differentiation at supplier level. Video rental is a pull-trough product and trend toward broad differentiation requires full access to all suppliers. Switching costs of suppliers and firms in this industry are low. This is because they maintain ownership over the end-product.If a supplier were to terminate a contract with Nettling it will lower their distribution and lower the sales of the supplier. Presence of substitute inputs is an unfavorable aspect in this industry. Inputs are the content so there is no substituting. Supplier concentration is another unfavorable aspect in this industry. Very few studios make up the majority of the popular titles and the industry revenue. Importance of volume to supplier is a natural aspect of the industry. I t depends on the relationship between the largest company in the industry and suppliers for product to reach consumers.Threat of forward integration by firms in the industry is a favorable aspect of this industry. As suppliers do not have access to the content it would take a large investment to get in to this Buyer power Bargaining leverage is a neutral aspect of this industry. Switching costs are neutral, Nettling operate at a fixed monthly subscription rate, while other companies opt for a pay per title method. There is no product differentiation, which is unfavorable, and no concentration in consumer segments, which is favorable. There no backward integration, which is favorable. Price sensitivity is a favorable aspect of the industry.There is little cost involved from the buyer; some consumers are likely to stream from free channels. Due to the recession people's entertainment budget is shrinking and consumers are more prone to price sensitivity. Substitute products This is a f avorable the convenience consumers are many to substitute stream a movies with video games, listening to music or reading books. The most popular substitute for the in the past has been video games, but with the introduction of streaming through games consoles has reduced that. The price performance of substitutes is favorable, as the price performance of

The Six Wives of Osama bin Laden

Battle of Globe Tavern - Civil War

Roche Group Application Report - 1023 Words

Dear Members of the Selection Committee: I am writing to apply for the position of Scientist at The Roche Group. I am currently a Visiting Assistant Professor in the Chemistry Department at Reed College. Before joining Reed College, I was a Senior Research Associate at the CUNY Institute for Macromolecular Assemblies and an Adjunct Assistant Professor at City College of New York. I obtained my Ph.D. in Chemistry (specializing in Molecular Biophysics) at the City University of New York (CUNY) in September of 2009. My cross-disciplinary research training in the areas of biophysics, spectroscopy, and materials science has involved projects in three different laboratories at CUNY, focusing on cutting-edge technologies and analytical†¦show more content†¦For instance, insoluble and amorphous eumelanin pigment assemblies of the human fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans are associated with microbial virulence and therapeutic drug resistance; I have employed multi-dimensional magnetic resonance spectroscopy to deconstruct the heterogeneous (supra) molecular frameworks of these chemically recalcitrant organic pigment assemblies synthesized from obligatory catecholamine precursors, shedding light on the action of these poorly understood fungal virulence factors. This research work has involved extensive collaborative studies with Professor Arturo Casadevall’s immunology and microbiology laboratory at Johns Hopkins University. I have developed a broad knowledge of modern organic chemistry and synthetic methods as well as I have gained practical experience with a wide range of bioanalytical techniques and NMR spectroscopic methods for characterizing biomolecules and biopolymers, involving the concepts and methodologies of structure-based molecular design as well as method development for structure elucidation. I have pursued my research in multiple CUNY research groups that focus on materials science, photonics technologies, structural biology, and magnetic resonance spectroscopy. I have conducted collaborative studies with the plant biology laboratoryShow MoreRelatedTamiflu Case3403 Words   |  14 Pageslikelihood of illness. Used as a treatment (if taken promptly after the onset of symptoms), it may significantly reduce the duration and severity of illness. 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Control Communications Happening A Project -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Control Communications Happening A Project? Answer: Introducation You may have a good message but your way of saying it changes the meaning, impression and intended impact at times. The first thing if it is a face to face conversation, it is important to maintain eye to eye contact so as to give confidence and trust to the recipients. Secondly it is important to consider body language as it sends a quite message without using words. A person whose hands are open and always moving suggest their willingness to freely interact with people and therefore allows for the recipient(s) to feel free. On the other hand if your hands are ever crossed during communication, it might suggest unwillingness to interact with people. Maintain a good posture and approachable moves as well as an appropriate tone depending on the situation to be able to pass the right message. Communication is supposed to be balanced process whereby one passes their message then gives the recipient a chance to respond and give their reaction about the message they just received. Proper listening skills ensure that you can carefully listen to the person talking without interrupting them except for good reasons. Everything the person on the other end says should be put into consideration instead of using one negative statement or comment to phrase your reply. Give them full attention by the use of body language like nodding or even verbally giving exclamation of listening so as to give them a chance to say everything on their minds. Once they are done, it is good to ask any questions for clarifications if there are things not understood to ensure that your response is realistic. Reach understanding, agreement or consensus. One should closely look into the original purpose of the communication process once listening and getting the feedback. Did you achieve your intended aim, clarify your position or solve a problem? If the main goal of an interaction was to instruct or give instructions, did you achieve that? It is significant to guarantee that the point you passed was well understood by talking all the questions arising from the interaction. The recipients do not have to agree with you as everyone has their own perspective of life, however even disagreements mean that people are understanding the message put across. As long as the two parties, i.e the sender and recipient are understanding each other, then a communication process is considered successful regardless of any disagreements that might come through. Importance of personal communication Personal communication can be described as physical interaction of parties in passing message. However this form of interaction is in the recent days fading away as people usually spend the whole day or even more days without meeting other people. There is an over-reliance on the ease of emails, phone calls, social media and text messages. Online interactions are of great benefit to the society to their advantage of convenience and speed, however, we should balance them with face-to-face communication. As The increasing use of electronic transmission of information in work situations, face-to-face interactions are diminishing which is a danger to organizational progress. The results of a global survey held by NFI Research after interviewing a number of managers shows that organizations can be more successful and productive if the superiors encourages more personal interactions. The research shows that most superiors rely on emails to pass messages to their employees which reduces supervision and investigation of progress. People end up spending more time on both ends of the communication process while using emails, something that would have been easier done by just going to the person and delivering the message, said one survey respondent. I believe that holding an eye to eye conversation with an individual makes me gain a lot than I could have done through sending and receiving an email. (By Chuck Martin. CIO staff, Mar 6, 2007) Personal dialogue is the basis of communications, said a different respondent. Once personal interaction is established, is makes it easier for any other forms of communication. It reduces the chances of misinterpretations and misunderstanding by building trust and confidence between the parties involved.. (By Chuck Martin. CIO staff, Mar 6, 2007) When Technology Does the Communicating Most business leaders may all agree that more personal interactions increases productivity, some of them actually state that organizations let technology do the communication. We have changed from the effective old fashioned way of personal interactions to the use of technology in running our business activities, said one manager. We should therefore take a break from the emails, phones and computers and talk to everyone involved in the activities of an organization. Nothing can substitute the honest and open face-to-face communication. (By Chuck Martin. CIO staff, Mar 6, 2007) Relying on emails to pass messages instead of face-to-face might cause delays on decisions making. I uncover that many managers avoid communications because they might be required to express their views and also decide on certain things, said one respondent. Communicating via email gives the managers an allowance to pass information back and forth without having to take up any management commitments. This favours management by failure to take action. (By Chuck Martin. CIO staff, Mar 6, 2007). Consider Context and Purpose The key is to use the accurate contact method at the precise time. In the requirement of give-and-take, the best way is to go the intended person and engage them in personal communication, said one survey respondent. If individual dialogue cannot be achieved, then using web conferencing or telephone will work as a choice. Text messages and e-mains work better if the purpose of the communication is to pass an announcement and not too interested or depended on the feedback. (By Chuck Martin. CIO staff, Mar 6, 2007). Were starting to discover that certain processes of communication play a better role in certain tasks as compared to others, said another respondent. E-mails can work great in scheduling meetings while a phone is for the quick messages that require immediate feedback and memos work best for vast spreading of messages. Face-to-face is usually the best if a conversation requires long dialogue and more details on a particular subject. (By Chuck Martin. CIO staff, Mar 6, 2007). Due to the time limits and burden of work, it might be easier to use technological processes of communication. However the truth remains that face-to-face interactions are the best in ensuring that parties understand each other. Venture leaders should learn to interact first? Task relations administration happens to be a crucial segment of assignment planning however most managers might not be in a position to deal with complex issues that arise from communication in the course of the project. The following are the benefits of communication the team leader. Project Managers use most of their time conversing with the different stakeholders involved in the implementation of a certain project. The most complex problems that might face the continuing of a project are usually related to communication. Regardless of the importance of communication in a project implementation, it is important for the project managers to ensure that the process is easy and free from complexities. How Do We Communicate? Here are some ways in which project managers can use to communicate. Formal Written Reports, Long-Distance Communications, job organization strategies difficult troubles Official Oral staging Unofficial Written mails, Memos ,comments Casual Spoken dialogue Such methods can be used in all channels of communication including upwards communication to management, among team members and also to clients. You can justify this by the number of emails you send and receive from your colleagues. Scheming Interaction Routes for an Assignment Coincidentally, there exists a trouble-free technique of arriving as the number of channels in a process depending on the quantity of individuals involved. N represents the quantity of individiduals We utilize this principle in establishing the numeral of channels for interaction in a job interaction. For instance: lets say there are 10 individuals in a project then the channels can be calculated as: [10 x (10 1)] / 2 = (10 x 9) / 2 = 90 / 2 = 45 These are a bundle of channel options and in the addition of an extra person, then the number changes to 55. (designed as [11 x 10] / 2) Which implies10 additional routes by increasing just one stakeholder? The calculation above portrays that the more the number of people in a certain project make the process more complex due to increased channels. The project manager should also be included in the number, N, while doing the calculations. It is important to realize that each of the communication path created requires attention but since it might be difficult to control all communications happening in a project, then communications management plan comes in. Tips for Stakeholder Management A stakeholder is an individual whose presence and activities can impact a project or is affected by the project proceedings. Putting all these people into consideration, the communication channels might increase in a certain project. Any successful manager thinks about all these aspects in communication administration. Recognize and be acquainted withall parties be aware of their requirements,discover their hopes,pay attention to their interests, identify their authority on your mission. Plan your communications with stakeholders It is always good to plan interactions of the project to avoid any compromising issues in the future. Manage their expectations The best way to keep the clients happy and satisfied is by sharing news whether good or bad with the stakeholders early in advance and on a frequent basis. Remember, most of your time as a project manager will be spent interacting with stakeholders on the issues influencing the project. Take your time and plan for these issues and you will be able to face any challenges that come your way during a project and the vice versa. References https://www.techrepublic.com/article/project-communications-a-plan-for-getting-your-message-across/ https://smallbusiness.chron.com/important-communication-plans-project-managers-37520.html https://www.preparepm.com/notes/communication.html https://www.essentiallifeskills.net/goodcommunicationskills.html https://www.cio.com/article/2441851/it-organization/the-importance-of-face-to-face-communication-at-work.htm https://www.pmchampion.com/blog/pmp-tutorials/communication-channels-made-simple

The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain Essays

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain 1. The Author and His Times Mark Twain, the pen name of Samuel Clemens, was born in Florida, Missouri in 1835. When he was four, his family moved to Hannibal, Missouri, the setting for many of his books. His father died when he was 12. After his father died, he went to work as a printer's apprentice and eventually as a printer in Missouri, St. Louis, and New York often writing a few works himself for periodicals. He worked as a printer and a reporter selling much of his work to newspapers. He continually moved from town to town. In 1857, he decided to move to South America to make a fortune there. He boarded a riverboat and headed for New Orleans where he would arrange the rest of his trip. However, he never made it past New Orleans and never into South America. He begged the riverboat to teach him how to pilot the riverboat. The riverboat pilot agreed to teach him for $500. Mark Twain went west during the civil war and established himself as a writer during this time. He wrote humorous stories about his experiences which lead to a job as a newspaper reporter in 1862. The following year he began signing his work "Mark Twain," a riverboat term meaning two fathoms deep. Mark Twain went to Hawaii in 1866. This trip was the beginning of his career as a travel correspondent. The next year he went to Europe and wrote a successful book there titled, The Innocent Abroad. In 1876, he published The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. This book was such a success that he decided immediately to write a sequel. The sequel, which became much more complex than the original was published seven years later in 1883 and titled, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. After Huckleberry Finn, Twain wrote nearly a dozen more books but none were as successful. By 1939, Twain had lost all of his money investing in various schemes and inventions, almost all of which were failures. After this, he went on a world lecture tour and was able to pay his debts by 1896. While on the tour, one of his daughters died. His wife later in 1904. In 1909 his daughter died leaving him unhappy. 2. Form, Structure, and Plot The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn consists of 43 chapters and is told in the first person with Huck Finn telling the story. The book divides into three sections. The first sections has Huck living his Miss Watson and her sister in civilization. During the second section, Huck travels down the river with Jim. In the last section, Huck returns to civilization and lives with Tom in Uncle Silas' farm. An organizational object in the book is the river which serves as a timeline for the book. The first section introduces Huck and his current life living with Miss Watson and Later with his father. This section ends were Huck fakes his death and flees to Jackson Island. In the second section, Huck meets Jim at the island and starts down the river when they find out that Jim is being searched for. Huck runs from civilization and Jim runs from slavery. This section ends when both Jim and Huck make it to Uncle Silas' farm. The third sections takes place at the farm and continues to the end of the book. Although the book divides itself into three sections, it does not divide itself to neatly into rising action, climax and conclusion since the book consists of several adventures with its own rising action, climax, and conclusion. It is difficult to label a single point as the climax. The book clearly starts with the exposition where Huck introduced himself as a character from Tom Sawyer and the son of a town drunk. He lived with Widow Douglas and her sister, Miss Watson. However, Huck did not like the civilized life and would rather live an easy going life. Huck's father finds out that Huck has some money and kidnaps him into a shack by the river. Pap beats Huck and Huck decides that he must escape. Huck fakes his death and flees to Jackson Island. On the island, he meets Jim, Miss Watson's runaway slave. This is the rising action. When the find that there are men on the island searching for Jim, they decide to travel down the Mississippi river and up the Ohio river into the free states. On the river, they live an easy life as they travel during the night and hide during the day. Traveling down the